卒中偏瘫患者出院后习得性废用发展情况的调查研究

目的 调查卒中亚急性期偏瘫患者出院后习得性废用发展情况，分析习得性废用与患者人口学因素、 临床特点及功能恢复的相关性。 方法 前瞻性连续纳入2018年7月-2019年12月期间南方医科大学深圳医院预备出院的卒中偏瘫患 者。收集患者一般资料和临床特点，并在出院后4周、8周和12周用运动活动记录表（motor activity log， MAL）评估患者的习得性废用情况，在出院前3 d，出院后4周、8周和12周用改良Ashworth指数测试肘 腕屈肌群肌张力，偏瘫上肢功能测试香港版、Fugl-Meyer评定量表上肢部分和箱块测试评价上肢功 能，功能独立性评定评价日常生活能力。对各随访时间点MAL与其他评估量表、人口学因素和临床特 点进行相关性分析。 结果 研究完成随访患者47例，男性36例（76.6%），平均年龄58.74±11.08岁，平均发病时间 48.00±28.38 d，其中缺血性卒中32例（68.1%），出血性卒中15例（31.9%）。MAL的患手使用频率/ 患者活动质量在出院后4周、8周和12周时分别为2.66（1.38～4.03）分/2.87（1.03～3.56）分、3.30 （1.93～4.41）分/3.17（1.55～3.77）分和3.59（2.00～4.33）分/3.28（2.00～3.96）分，除8周与12周 之间的患手使用频率差异无统计学意义之外，其他时间点之间差异均具有统计学意义。各随访时间 点患者肘屈肌群张力变化差异无统计学意义（P =0.076），其余功能表现均显著恢复（均P <0.05）。出 院后4周、8周和12周各时间点，MAL与年龄呈一般正相关（ρ=0.33～0.39），与发病时间呈一般负相关 （ρ=-0.49～-0.33），与肘腕部屈肌张力呈一般至中等负相关（ρ=-0.58～-0.38），与日常生活能力 呈一般至中等正相关（ρ=0.30～0.60），与上肢运动功能呈一般至强正相关（ρ=0.49～0.76）。 结论 卒中亚急性期偏瘫患者出院后患肢仍然可以保持显著的功能恢复，但依然面临习得性废用 的挑战，且习得性废用与年龄、发病时间、腕肘屈肌群张力、日常生活生活能力和上肢功能相关。     

综合强制性训练、常规训练在脑卒中患者康复治疗中的应用效果及其对肢体功能恢复水平的影响

目的 分析综合强制性训练及常规训练方式在脑卒中患者康复治疗中的应用效果以及对患者肢体功能恢复的影响。方法 选择2018 年1 月～2020 年1 月于本院治疗的脑卒中患者438 例，按照患者采用训练方式的不同将其分为观察组（综合强制性训练以及常规训练）和对照组（常规训练），每组各219 例，观察两组患者训练后的临床疗效、SIAS（Scale of Assessment Methods for Stroke Damage）评分、MBI 评分（Questionnaire for mild behavioural disorders）、SDS 评分（Self-rating axiety scale）、SAS（Sleep apenea syndorome）评分、并发症发生情况。结果 观察组患者的临床疗效为90.0%，明显高于对照组患者的70.0%。观察组患者SIAS 评分为（85.6±3.6）分、MBI 评分为（91.3±2.1）分、SDS 评分为（92.7±3.8）分、SAS 评分为（91.3±1.3）分，明显高于对照组SIAS 评分[（69.5±3.4）分、MBI评分（81.2±2.2）分、SDS 评分（81.2±3.3）分、SAS 评分（81.3±1.3）分]；观察组患者出现肺炎、脱水、腹泻总发生率为10.0%，明显低于对照组患者的30.0%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 在脑卒中患者康复治疗中应用综合强制性训练联合常规训练的方式，可有效提高患者的治疗疗效，改善患者日常生活指标，提高患者肢体功能，降低患者治疗期间并发症发生的可能性。     

Anti-Oxidant,Anti-Hemolytic Effects of Crataegus aronia Leaves and Its Anti- Proliferative Effect Enhance Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line

Objective: For Arabian traditional medicine, Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L) Bosc. ex DC (Rosaceae) is widely used to treat diabetes, sexual weakness, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The anti-cancerous and anti-hemolysis effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of this plant have never been investigated before. The present study aims to evaluate the biological activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of Crataegus aronia leaves in combination with cisplatin, one of the most widely employed chemotherapeutics, on A549 human lung cancer cell line. Methods: The anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative activities of leaves, fruits, seeds of C. aronia were investigated by DPPH method and MTT assay; respectively. Cell migration activity was investigated by wound healing and by cell aggregation assays. The effect of C. aronia in inducing cell cycle arrest along with activating cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blot assays, respectively. Results: Our results showed that C. aronia leaves (C. aronia L.) had the highest anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative activities. The leaves extract was potent against hemolysis of the human erythrocytes and showed elevated decrease in migration by reducing wound healing migration and by increasing cell aggregation. Finally, C. aronia L. treatment exhibited apoptotic activity on A549 cells by the down-regulation of PARP-1, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 proteins and by increasing the percentage of A549 cells in sub G0 cell cycle. Moreover, the co-treatment of C. aronia L. and cisplatin remarkably sensitised A549 cells to cisplatin. Conclusion: The results suggested that C. aronia L. could be used as a potential treatment against human lung cancer exhibiting minimal side effects on human health.     

针刺结合康复训练治疗中风偏瘫不同分期患者的临床疗效研究进展

现代康复学者Bobath通过临床经验的总结指出,中风后患者肢体的运动能力的恢复一般需要经历固定的三个阶段:迟缓期;痉挛时期;相对恢复时期。根据针灸经络理论及Signe Brunnstrom提出的中风偏瘫后机体运动功能恢复的六个阶段的特殊病理过程,灵活采用针刺、放血、点穴推拿以及火针等治疗方法对不同分期的中风偏瘫患者进行治疗,疗效显著。在中风偏瘫的康复治疗过程中常常把传统的中医针刺与现代康复技术积极的结合在一起,对偏瘫患者的功能康复起到了至关重要的作用,本文将对近五年此类文章进行总结。     

基于卒中组织化管理需求的医院后勤服务支撑体系框架构建综述

卒中严重威胁人民健康并为社会发展带来沉重负担。通过组织化管理的方法能够一定程 度上提升卒中医疗质量，但医疗机构后勤服务支撑能力的异质性为卒中组织化管理的效果带来不确 定影响。本文以《中国脑血管病临床管理指南》为参考依据，从卒中组织化管理对后勤服务的需求出 发，从信息系统、交通物流系统、空间规划配置3个角度，综述了后勤服务支撑卒中组织化管理的结构 框架。另外，本文结合建筑信息系统与物联网系统的发展，展望了后勤服务支撑卒中组织化管理的发 展方向。     

Association of blood lipids,atherosclerosis and statin use with dementia and cognitive impairment after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundTrial and observational evidence is conflicting in terms of the association of blood lipids, atherosclerosis and statin use with dementia and cognitive impairment in the general population. It is uncertain whether the associations occur in stroke patients, who are at known higher risk of cognitive decline. This systematic review was to synthesize the evidence for these associations among stroke patients.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and trial registries were searched. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational cohort studies conducted among patients with stroke and reported on the association of blood lipids, atherosclerosis or statin use with dementia or cognitive impairment. Meta-analysis was conducted separately for crude and maximally adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsOf 18,026 records retrieved, 56 studies (one RCT and 55 cohort studies) comprising 38,423 stroke patients were included. For coronary heart disease, the pooled OR of dementia and cognitive impairment was 1.32 (95%CI 1.10–1.58, n = 15 studies, I² = 0%) and 1.23 (95%CI 0.99–1.54, n = 14, I² = 26.9%), respectively. Peripheral artery disease was associated with dementia (OR 3.59, 95%CI 1.47–8.76, n = 2, I² = 0%) and cognitive impairment (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.09–6.69, n = 1). For carotid stenosis, the pooled OR of dementia and cognitive impairment was 2.67 (95%CI 0.83–8.62, n = 3, I² = 77.9%) and 3.34 (95%CI 0.79–14.1, n = 4, I² = 96.6%), respectively. For post-stroke statin use, the pooled OR of dementia and cognitive impairment was 0.89 (95%CI 0.65–1.21, n = 1) and 0.56 (95%CI 0.46-0.69, n = 3, I² = 0%), respectively. No association was observed for hypercholesterolemia. These results were mostly consistent with adjusted ORs or HRs, which were reported from limited evidence.ConclusionAtherosclerosis was associated with an increased risk of post-stroke dementia. Post-stroke statin use was associated with decreased risk of cognitive impairment. To confirm whether or not statins confer advantages in the post-stroke population in terms of preventing cognitive decline over and above their known effectiveness in reducing risk of further vascular events, further stroke trials including cognitive assessment and observational analyses adjusted for key confounders, focusing on key subgroups or statin use patterns are required.     

The gait profile score characterises walking performance impairments in young stroke survivors

BackgroundThe Gait Profile Score (GPS) provides a composite measure of the quality of joint movement during walking, but the relationship between this measure and metabolic cost, temporal (e.g. walking speed) and spatial (e.g. stride length) parameters in stroke survivors has not been reported.Research Question: The aims of this study were to compare the GPS (paretic, non-paretic, and overall score) of young stroke survivors to the healthy able-bodied control and determine the relationship between the GPS and metabolic cost, temporal (walking speed, stance time asymmetry) and spatial (stride length, stride width, step length asymmetry) parameters in young stroke survivors to understand whether the quality of walking affects walking performance in stroke survivors.MethodsThirty-nine young stroke survivors aged between 18 and 65years and 15 healthy age-matched able-bodied controls were recruited from six hospital sites in Wales, UK. Joint range of motion at the pelvis, hip, knee and ankle, and temporal and spatial parameters were measured during walking on level ground at self-selected speed with calculation of the Gait Variable Score and then the GPS.ResultsGPS for the paretic leg (9.40° (8.60–10.21) p < 0.001), non-paretic leg (11.42° (10.20–12.63) p < 0.001) and overall score (11.18° (10.26–12.09) p < 0.001)) for stroke survivors were significantly higher than the control (4.25° (3.40–5.10), 5.92° (5.11 (6.73)). All parameters with the exception of step length symmetry ratio correlated moderate to highly with the GPS for the paretic, non-paretic, and/or overall score (ρ = <−0.732 (p < 0.001)).SignificanceThe quality of joint movement during walking measured via the GPS is directly related to the speed and efficiency of walking, temporal (stance time symmetry) and spatial (stride length, stride width) parameters in young stroke survivors.